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10. Evolution of the Early Universe
Credit: David A. Aguilar/Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Many other aspects of astronomy could also stand to be affected if the new discovery holds. Some important ideas about the history of the universe, in fact, are based on neutrino measurements and theories.
“Neutrinos are abundant in the early universe and if they behave differently, this affects calculations of the evolution of the early universe, nucleosynthesis and the seeds of structure formation,” astronomer Derek Fox of Pennsylvania State University wrote in an email to LiveScience.
Furthermore, neutrinos are produced in the fusion reactions that power stars, so if these particles behave differently than thought, star models may need to be revised. (Above, an artist’s conception of the history of the cosmos.)
Source: LiveScience
The Hubble’s Top 5 Discoveries
Scientists estimate the Universe to be 13.75 billion years old. They know this from information collected from the Hubble Space Telescope.
That just illuminates how infinitesimally young humans are in relation to not only our own planet, but in comparison to the far reaches of space.
Here’s a look at some of the Hubble’s other top discoveries.(That’s a massive black hole above, btw.)
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Michio Kaku on The Universe Is a Symphony of Vibrating Strings:
I’m the co-founder of String Field Theory, one of the main branches of String Theory. The latest version of String Theory is called M-Theory, “M” for membrane. So we now realize that strings can coexist with membranes. So the subatomic particles we see in nature, the quartz, the electrons are nothing but musical notes on a tiny vibrating string.
What is physics? Physics is nothing but the laws of harmony that you can write on vibrating strings. What is chemistry? Chemistry is nothing but the melodies you can play on interacting vibrating strings. What is the universe? The universe is a symphony of vibrating strings. And then what is the mind of God that Albert Einstein eloquently wrote about for the last 30 years of his life? We now, for the first time in history have a candidate for the mind of God. It is, cosmic music resonating through 11 dimensional hyperspace.
So first of all, we are nothing but melodies. We are nothing but cosmic music played out on vibrating strings and membranes. Obeying the laws of physics, which is nothing but the laws of harmony of vibrating strings.
I’ve always asked the same question to myself, “What is outside the universe? I mean outside the Earth, there’s another planet, outside planets, there are millions of galaxies, outside galaxies, there’s universe, what’s outside the universe?”
Imagine our universe as a giant poster, difference is outside that poster, there’s a wall, but in universe, we have no idea what’s outside it. Cosmologists agreed that there’s 11 universes, or membranes, this theory is called M-Theory. Trust me, I’m not an expert in this subject but here’s what I get: Scientists were trying to mix The Big Bang Theory with String Theory to make a Theory of Everything (ToE), Einstein had been trying to do that before he passed away but he never came out with the formula.
Scientists thought they can come up with ToE if they combine Big Bang with String, but the more they thought and discussed it, the more they hit a dead end, they found out another thing: The Singularity, the theory to know what did exactly happen before Big Bang. String theory then fell apart into 5 theories, the probability of parallel universe. The various dimensions permit these theories to grow into 10 theories, plus 1 theory (super gravity theory), hence there’s 11 dimensions. The 11th dimension enable scientists to see that universe consists of membranes, instead of strings, because the strings stretched like a membrane. They also found out that there are other universes, very close to our universe, one of the scientists even proposed that the gravity that exists in our universe is weak because we have the gravity from other universe, the gravity in other universe is leaking to ours.
A cosmologist offered his theory on Singularity, that perhaps two rippling membranes were so violent that they ended up collide onto each other and voila, a big bang happened, that’s how we all got here.
Still though, this only explains little to what’s going on out there. Why is there universe in the first place? If there’s a membrane, why is there a membrane in the first place? I’m still puzzled.